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Bianbu 1.0 ROOTFS制作

环境要求​

宿主机推荐 Ubuntu 20.04/22.04，且安装了 docker ce 和 qemu-user-static（8.0.4，定制版，默认开启了 Vector 1.0 支持）。

docker​

docker ce 安装可参考 https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ 。

qemu​

  1. 卸载 binfmt-support

    定制版的 qemu-user-static 与 binfmt-support 有冲突，因为 binfmt-support 提供的 /etc/init.d/binfmt-support 属于传统的 SysVinit 启动脚本，而定制版的 qemu-user-static 提供的 /lib/systemd/system/systemd-binfmt.service 是 systemd 服务单元文件。/etc/init.d/binfmt-support 会晚于 /lib/systemd/system/systemd-binfmt.service 执行，导致覆盖 systemd 的设置。

    sudo apt-get purge binfmt-support

  2. 下载定制版的 qemu

    wget https://archive.spacemit.com/qemu/qemu-user-static_8.0.4%2Bdfsg-1ubuntu3.23.10.1_amd64.deb

  3. 安装定制版的 qemu

    sudo dpkg -i qemu-user-static_8.0.4+dfsg-1ubuntu3.23.10.1_amd64.deb

  4. 注册 qemu-user-static 到内核，这样整个系统范围（含容器）均可以直接执行 riscv 的二进制文件

    sudo systemctl restart systemd-binfmt.service

  5. 验证 qemu-user-static 是否注册成功

    wget https://archive.spacemit.com/qemu/rvv
    chmod a+x rvv
    ./rvv

    出现以下信息表示注册成功。

    helloworld
    spacemit

准备基础 rootfs​

  1. 创建工作目录

    mkdir ~/bianbu-workspace

  2. 创建并启动容器

    docker run --privileged -itd -v ~/bianbu-workspace:/mnt --name build-bianbu-rootfs ubuntu:24.04

  3. 进入容器

    docker exec -it -w /mnt build-bianbu-rootfs bash

  4. 安装基本工具

    apt-get update
    apt-get -y install wget uuid-runtime

  5. 配置环境变量，方便后续命令使用

    export BASE_ROOTFS_URL=https://archive.spacemit.com/bianbu-base/bianbu-base-23.10-base-riscv64.tar.gz
    export BASE_ROOTFS=$(basename "$BASE_ROOTFS_URL")
    export TARGET_ROOTFS=rootfs

  6. 下载

    wget $BASE_ROOTFS_URL

  7. 解压到指定目录

    mkdir -p $TARGET_ROOTFS && tar -zxpf $BASE_ROOTFS -C $TARGET_ROOTFS

  8. 挂载一些系统资源到 rootfs 中

    mount -t proc /proc $TARGET_ROOTFS/proc
    mount -t sysfs /sys $TARGET_ROOTFS/sys
    mount -o bind /dev $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev
    mount -o bind /dev/pts $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev/pts

必要配置​

配置源​

  1. 首先配置环境变量，方便后续命令使用

    export DIST=mantic
    export REPO="archive.spacemit.com/bianbu-ports"
    export VERSION="v1.0.13"

  2. 安装源的签名公钥

    wget -O $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/share/keyrings/bianbu-archive-keyring-mantic.gpg https://archive.spacemit.com/bianbu-ports/bianbu-archive-keyring.gpg
    wget -O $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/bianbu-archive-keyring-mantic.gpg https://archive.spacemit.com/bianbu-ports/bianbu-archive-keyring.gpg

  3. 配置 sources.list

    cat <<EOF | tee $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/apt/sources.list
    # $DIST
    deb https://$REPO/ $DIST/snapshots/$VERSION main universe multiverse restricted
    # deb-src https://$REPO/ $DIST/snapshots/$VERSION main universe multiverse restricted

    # $DIST-security
    deb https://$REPO/ $DIST-security/snapshots/$VERSION main universe multiverse restricted
    # deb-src https://$REPO/ $DIST-security/snapshots/$VERSION main universe multiverse restricted
    EOF

  4. 配置 sources.list.d/bianbu.list

    cat <<EOF | tee $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/apt/sources.list.d/bianbu.list
    # $DIST-spacemit
    deb https://$REPO/ $DIST-spacemit/snapshots/$VERSION main universe multiverse restricted
    # deb-src https://$REPO/ $DIST-spacemit/snapshots/$VERSION main universe multiverse restricted

    # $DIST-porting
    deb https://$REPO/ $DIST-porting/snapshots/$VERSION main universe multiverse restricted
    # deb-src https://$REPO/ $DIST-porting/snapshots/$VERSION main universe multiverse restricted

    # $DIST-customization
    deb https://$REPO/ $DIST-customization/snapshots/$VERSION main universe multiverse restricted
    # deb-src https://$REPO/ $DIST-customization/snapshots/$VERSION main universe multiverse restricted
    EOF

  5. 配置源的优先级

    cat <<EOF | tee $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/apt/preferences.d/bianbu
    Package: *
    Pin: release o=Spacemit, n=mantic-spacemit
    Pin-Priority: 1200

    Package: *
    Pin: release o=Spacemit, n=mantic-porting
    Pin-Priority: 1100

    Package: *
    Pin: release o=Spacemit, n=mantic-customization
    Pin-Priority: 1100
    EOF

配置 DNS​

echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" >$TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/resolv.conf

安装硬件相关的包​

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "apt-get -y install ca-certificates"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "apt-get update"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades upgrade"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install initramfs-tools"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install bianbu-esos img-gpu-powervr k1x-vpu-firmware k1x-cam spacemit-uart-bt spacemit-modules-usrload opensbi-spacemit u-boot-spacemit linux-image-6.1.15"

安装元包​

不同变体有不同的元包，

  • Minimal：bianbu-minimal
  • Dekstop：bianbu-desktop bianbu-desktop-zh bianbu-desktop-en bianbu-desktop-minimal-en bianbu-standard bianbu-development
  • NAS：bianbu-nas

这里以制作最小的 minimal 变体为例：

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install bianbu-minimal"

通用配置​

配置地区​

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "apt-get -y install locales"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo \"locales locales/locales_to_be_generated multiselect en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8, zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8\" | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo \"locales locales/default_environment_locale select zh_CN.UTF-8\" | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "sed -i 's/^# zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8/zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8/' /etc/locale.gen"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "dpkg-reconfigure --frontend=noninteractive locales"

配置时区​

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo 'tzdata tzdata/Areas select Asia' | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo 'tzdata tzdata/Zones/Asia select Shanghai' | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "rm /etc/timezone"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "rm /etc/localtime"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "dpkg-reconfigure --frontend=noninteractive tzdata"

配置时间服务器​

sed -i 's/^#NTP=.*/NTP=ntp.aliyun.com/' $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf

配置密码​

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo root:bianbu | chpasswd"

配置网络（可选）​

如果仅安装了 minimal（bianbu-minimal）元包，则需要使用 netplan 配置网络，

cat <<EOF | tee $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
network:
    version: 2
    renderer: networkd
    ethernets:
        end0:
            dhcp4: true
EOF
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "chmod 600 /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml"

生成分区镜像​

注意安装配置完后，先取消挂载！

mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/proc" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/proc
mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/sys" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/sys
mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/dev/pts" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev/pts
mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/dev" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev

生成 UUID,并写入/etc/fstab

UUID_BOOTFS=$(uuidgen)
UUID_ROOTFS=$(uuidgen)
cat >$TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/fstab <<EOF
# <file system>     <dir>    <type>  <options>                          <dump> <pass>
UUID=$UUID_ROOTFS   /        ext4    defaults,noatime,errors=remount-ro 0      1
UUID=$UUID_BOOTFS   /boot    ext4    defaults                           0      2
EOF

移动 boot 到其他目录，以便分别制作 bootfs 和 rootfs 分区，

mkdir -p bootfs
mv $TARGET_ROOTFS/boot/* bootfs

生成 bootfs.ext4 和 rootfs.ext4，

mke2fs -d bootfs -L bootfs -t ext4 -U $UUID_BOOTFS bootfs.ext4 "256M"
mke2fs -d $TARGET_ROOTFS -L rootfs -t ext4 -N 524288 -U $UUID_ROOTFS rootfs.ext4 "2048M"

此时，在当前目录可以看到两个分区镜像，bootfs.ext4 和 rootfs.ext4，可使用 fastboot 烧写到板子中。