Bianbu 2.1 ROOTFS Creation

Environment Requirements

Host machine should be Ubuntu 20.04/22.14, with docker ce and qemu-user-static (8.0.4, customized version with Vector 1.0 support enabled by default) installed.

Docker

For docker ce installation, refer to https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/.

QEMU

Uninstall binfmt-support

The customized qemu-user-static conflicts with binfmt-support because /etc/init.d/binfmt-support provided by binfmt-support is a traditional SysVinit startup script, while /lib/systemd/system/systemd-binfmt.service provided by the customized qemu-user-static is a systemd service unit file. /etc/init.d/binfmt-support will execute after /lib/systemd/system/systemd-binfmt.service, overriding the systemd settings.
```
sudo apt-get purge binfmt-support
```

Download the customized qemu

wget https://archive.spacemit.com/qemu/qemu-user-static_8.0.4%2Bdfsg-1ubuntu3.23.10.1_amd64.deb

Install the customized qemu

sudo dpkg -i qemu-user-static_8.0.4+dfsg-1ubuntu3.23.10.1_amd64.deb

Register qemu-user-static to the kernel so that riscv binary files can be executed directly throughout the system (including containers)
```
sudo systemctl restart systemd-binfmt.service
```
Verify if qemu-user-static is successfully registered
```
wget https://archive.spacemit.com/qemu/rvv
chmod a+x rvv
./rvv
```
If you see the following output, the registration is successful.
```
helloworld
spacemit
```

Prepare Base ROOTFS

Create a working directory
```
mkdir ~/bianbu-workspace
```

Create and start a container

docker run --privileged -itd -v ~/bianbu-workspace:/mnt --name build-bianbu-rootfs harbor.spacemit.com/bianbu/bianbu:latest

Enter the container

docker exec -it -w /mnt build-bianbu-rootfs bash

Install basic tools

apt-get update
apt-get -y install wget uuid-runtime

Configure environment variables for later use

export BASE_ROOTFS_URL=https://archive.spacemit.com/bianbu-base/bianbu-base-24.04-base-riscv64.tar.gz
export BASE_ROOTFS=$(basename "$BASE_ROOTFS_URL")
export TARGET_ROOTFS=rootfs

Download
```
wget $BASE_ROOTFS_URL
```

Extract to the specified directory

mkdir -p $TARGET_ROOTFS && tar -zxpf $BASE_ROOTFS -C $TARGET_ROOTFS

Mount some system resources to the rootfs

mount -t proc /proc $TARGET_ROOTFS/proc
mount -t sysfs /sys $TARGET_ROOTFS/sys
mount -o bind /dev $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev
mount -o bind /dev/pts $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev/pts

Essential Configurations

Configure Repository Sources

First, set up environment variables for later use
```
export REPO="archive.spacemit.com/bianbu"
```
Click to view release notes

Configure bianbu.sources

cat <<EOF | tee $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/apt/sources.list.d/bianbu.sources
Types: deb
URIs: https://$REPO/
Suites: noble/snapshots/v2.1 noble-security/snapshots/v2.1 noble-updates/snapshots/v2.1 noble-porting/snapshots/v2.1 noble-customization/snapshots/v2.1 bianbu-v2.1-updates
Components: main universe restricted multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/bianbu-archive-keyring.gpg
EOF

Using this source allows you to install packages from subsequent 2.1.x (such as 2.1.1) releases, which are stored in bianbu-v2.1-updates.

Configure DNS

echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" >$TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/resolv.conf

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "apt-get update"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades upgrade"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install initramfs-tools"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install bianbu-esos img-gpu-powervr k1x-vpu-firmware k1x-cam spacemit-uart-bt spacemit-modules-usrload opensbi-spacemit u-boot-spacemit linux-generic"

Install Meta-Packages

Different variants have different meta-packages:

Minimal: bianbu-minimal
Desktop: bianbu-desktop bianbu-desktop-zh bianbu-desktop-en bianbu-desktop-minimal-en bianbu-standard bianbu-development
NAS: bianbu-nas

Desktop and NAS are based on Minimal, so it's recommended to install the Minimal meta-package first and then the Desktop meta-package.

Here's an example of creating a minimal variant:

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install bianbu-minimal"

Tip: After installing all packages, you can clean up the cache to reduce the final firmware size:

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get clean"

Common Configurations

Configure Locale

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "apt-get -y install locales"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo \"locales locales/locales_to_be_generated multiselect en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8, zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8\" | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo \"locales locales/default_environment_locale select zh_CN.UTF-8\" | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "sed -i 's/^# zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8/zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8/' /etc/locale.gen"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "dpkg-reconfigure --frontend=noninteractive locales"

Configure Timezone

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo 'tzdata tzdata/Areas select Asia' | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo 'tzdata tzdata/Zones/Asia select Shanghai' | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "rm /etc/timezone"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "rm /etc/localtime"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "dpkg-reconfigure --frontend=noninteractive tzdata"

Configure Time Server

sed -i 's/^#NTP=.*/NTP=ntp.aliyun.com/' $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf

Configure Password

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo root:bianbu | chpasswd"

Configure Network

minimal

cat <<EOF | tee $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
network:
    version: 2
    renderer: networkd
    ethernets:
        end0:
            dhcp4: true
        end1:
            dhcp4: true
EOF
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "chmod 600 /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml"

desktop

cat <<EOF | tee $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml
# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
network:
version: 2
renderer: NetworkManager
EOF
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "chmod 600 /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml"

Note: Only configure the relevant file for your specific variant.

Generate Partition Images

Note: After completing installation and configuration, unmount the filesystems first!

mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/proc" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/proc
mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/sys" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/sys
mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/dev/pts" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev/pts
mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/dev" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev

Generate UUIDs and write them to /etc/fstab

UUID_BOOTFS=$(uuidgen)
UUID_ROOTFS=$(uuidgen)
cat >$TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/fstab <<EOF
# <file system>     <dir>    <type>  <options>                          <dump> <pass>
UUID=$UUID_ROOTFS   /        ext4    defaults,noatime,errors=remount-ro 0      1
UUID=$UUID_BOOTFS   /boot    ext4    defaults                           0      2
EOF

Move boot to another directory to create bootfs and rootfs partitions separately

mkdir -p bootfs
mv $TARGET_ROOTFS/boot/* bootfs

Generate bootfs.ext4 and rootfs.ext4

mke2fs -d bootfs -L bootfs -t ext4 -U $UUID_BOOTFS bootfs.ext4 "256M"
mke2fs -d $TARGET_ROOTFS -L rootfs -t ext4 -N 524288 -U $UUID_ROOTFS rootfs.ext4 "2048M"

Now, you should see two partition images in your current directory: bootfs.ext4 and rootfs.ext4, which can be flashed to the board using fastboot.

Create Firmware

See Firmware Creation Guide.

Bianbu 2.1 ROOTFS Creation

Environment Requirements​

Docker​

QEMU​

Prepare Base ROOTFS​

Essential Configurations​

Configure Repository Sources​

Configure DNS​

Install Hardware-Related Packages​

Install Meta-Packages​

Common Configurations​

Configure Locale​

Configure Timezone​

Configure Time Server​

Configure Password​

Configure Network​

Generate Partition Images​

Create Firmware​