Bianbu 2.0 ROOTFS Creation

It is recommended to use Bianbu 2.1/2.2 ROOTFS Creation.

Prerequisites

It is recommended to use Ubuntu 20.04/22.04 as the host system, with Docker CE and a customized version of qemu-user-static (version 8.0.4, with Vector 1.0 support enabled by default) installed.

Docker

For Docker CE installation, refer to https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/.

QEMU

1. Remove binfmt-support

   The customized qemu-user-static conflicts with binfmt-support due to:

   • binfmt-support uses a legacy SysVinit script: /etc/init.d/binfmt-support
   • The customized qemu-user-static relies on a systemd unit: /lib/systemd/system/systemd-binfmt.service

   Since the SysVinit script runs after the systemd service, it can override the systemd settings, causing conflicts.

   To avoid this, remove binfmt-support:

   sudo apt-get purge binfmt-support

2. Download the customized qemu

   wget https://archive.spacemit.com/qemu/qemu-user-static_8.0.4%2Bdfsg-1ubuntu3.23.10.1_amd64.deb

3. Install the customized qemu

   sudo dpkg -i qemu-user-static_8.0.4+dfsg-1ubuntu3.23.10.1_amd64.deb

4. Register qemu-user-static with the kernel, so the system (including containers) can directly execute RISC-V binaries:

   sudo systemctl restart systemd-binfmt.service

5. Verify if qemu-user-static is registered successfully

   wget https://archive.spacemit.com/qemu/rvv
   chmod a+x rvv
   ./rvv

   Output like the following indicates success:

   helloworld
   spacemit

Prepare the Base ROOTFS

1. Create a working directory

   mkdir ~/bianbu-workspace

2. Create and start the container

   docker run --privileged -itd -v ~/bianbu-workspace:/mnt --name build-bianbu-rootfs harbor.spacemit.com/bianbu/bianbu:latest

3. Enter the container

   docker exec -it -w /mnt build-bianbu-rootfs bash

4. Install basic tools

   apt-get update
   apt-get -y install wget uuid-runtime

5. Set environment variables

   export BASE_ROOTFS_URL=https://archive.spacemit.com/bianbu-base/bianbu-base-24.04-base-riscv64.tar.gz
   export BASE_ROOTFS=$(basename "$BASE_ROOTFS_URL")
   export TARGET_ROOTFS=rootfs

6. Download the base rootfs

   wget $BASE_ROOTFS_URL

7. Extract to a specified directory

   mkdir -p $TARGET_ROOTFS && tar -zxpf $BASE_ROOTFS -C $TARGET_ROOTFS

8. Mount system resources into the rootfs

   mount -t proc /proc $TARGET_ROOTFS/proc
   mount -t sysfs /sys $TARGET_ROOTFS/sys
   mount -o bind /dev $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev
   mount -o bind /dev/pts $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev/pts

Essential Configuration

Configure the Source Repositories

1. Set environment variables

   export REPO="archive.spacemit.com/bianbu"
   export VERSION="v2.0.4"

   Click here to see the latest VERSION

2. Configure sources.sources

   cat <<EOF | tee $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/apt/sources.list.d/bianbu.sources
   Types: deb
   URIs: https://$REPO/
   Suites: noble/snapshots/$VERSION noble-security/snapshots/$VERSION noble-porting/snapshots/$VERSION noble-customization/snapshots/$VERSION
   Components: main universe restricted multiverse
   Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/bianbu-archive-keyring.gpg
   EOF

Configure DNS

echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" >$TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/resolv.conf

Install Hardware-related Packages

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "apt-get update"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades upgrade"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install initramfs-tools"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install bianbu-esos img-gpu-powervr k1x-vpu-firmware k1x-cam spacemit-uart-bt spacemit-modules-usrload opensbi-spacemit u-boot-spacemit linux-image-6.6.36"

Install Metapackages

Different variants have different metapackages:

• Minimal: bianbu-minimal
• Desktop: bianbu-desktop, bianbu-desktop-zh, bianbu-desktop-en, bianbu-desktop-minimal-en, bianbu-standard, bianbu-development
• NAS: bianbu-nas

Both Desktop and NAS are based on Minimal. It is recommended to install the Minimal metapackage first, and then install the Desktop metapackage.

Here is an example for creating the minimal variant:

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install bianbu-minimal"

Tip: After installing all packages, you can run the following command to clean up the cache and reduce the final firmware size.

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get clean"

General Configuration

Set Locale

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "apt-get -y install locales"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo \"locales locales/locales_to_be_generated multiselect en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8, zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8\" | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo \"locales locales/default_environment_locale select zh_CN.UTF-8\" | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "sed -i 's/^# zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8/zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8/' /etc/locale.gen"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "dpkg-reconfigure --frontend=noninteractive locales"

Set Timezone

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo 'tzdata tzdata/Areas select Asia' | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo 'tzdata tzdata/Zones/Asia select Shanghai' | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "rm /etc/timezone"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "rm /etc/localtime"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "dpkg-reconfigure --frontend=noninteractive tzdata"

Set Time Server

sed -i 's/^#NTP=.*/NTP=ntp.aliyun.com/' $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf

Set Password

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo root:bianbu | chpasswd"

Configure Network

• minimal

cat <<EOF | tee $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
network:
    version: 2
    renderer: networkd
    ethernets:
        end0:
            dhcp4: true
        end1:
            dhcp4: true
EOF
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "chmod 600 /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml"

• desktop

cat <<EOF | tee $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml
# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
network:
version: 2
renderer: NetworkManager
EOF
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "chmod 600 /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml"

Note: Different variants only need to configure their respective files.

Generate Partition Images

Note: After installation and configuration are complete, make sure to unmount first!

mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/proc" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/proc
mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/sys" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/sys
mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/dev/pts" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev/pts
mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/dev" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev

Generate UUID and write to /etc/fstab:

UUID_BOOTFS=$(uuidgen)
UUID_ROOTFS=$(uuidgen)
cat >$TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/fstab <<EOF
# <file system>     <dir>    <type>  <options>                          <dump> <pass>
UUID=$UUID_ROOTFS   /        ext4    defaults,noatime,errors=remount-ro 0      1
UUID=$UUID_BOOTFS   /boot    ext4    defaults                           0      2
EOF

Move boot to another directory to create separate bootfs and rootfs partitions:

mkdir -p bootfs
mv $TARGET_ROOTFS/boot/* bootfs

Create bootfs.ext4 and rootfs.ext4:

mke2fs -d bootfs -L bootfs -t ext4 -U $UUID_BOOTFS bootfs.ext4 "256M"
mke2fs -d $TARGET_ROOTFS -L rootfs -t ext4 -N 524288 -U $UUID_ROOTFS rootfs.ext4 "2048M"

At this point, you will have two partition images, bootfs.ext4 and rootfs.ext4, which can be flashed to a board using fastboot.

Create Firmware

See Firmware Creation Guide.